Science Fiction Influenced Teachings of Enlightenment...

Enlightenment thinkers, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, and Nicolas de Condorcet were influenced by teachings of the Scientific Revolution. Reason and logic were used to dissect what was good and valuable apart from what was tyrannical and unable to be proven from the old teachings of philosophers and religion. It was this process of reason and logic that gave these thinkers the confidence in man’s intelligence and potential to improve that showed up in their writings. According to our course textbook, â€Å"The new critical spirit (of questioning laws and rules formerly accepted as true without proof) led the thinkers of the Enlightenment to doubt the literal truth of the Bible and to dismiss miracles as incompatible with what†¦show more content†¦He has no evidence. Therefore he will not believe. There is no scientific method to be had or done. Influences of the Scientific Revolution can also be found in the writings of Benjamin Franklin. In my opinion, Fran klin continued to hold onto Puritan-guilt, but still questioned those teachings. Influences of the Scientific Revolution can be found in his parody, â€Å"A Witch Trial at Mount Holly.† In this parody witches are put on trial and are offered to prove their innocence with scientific experimentation. They had to be weighed against the bible and tossed in the river with feet and hands bound. They agreed to the experimentation as long as some of the accusers submitted to the same tests (CP 72). The parody showed the folly of these religious accusers as they weighed more than the Bible and most of them all floated instead of drowning. This story showed the folly in this dogma and doctrine. The influence also left Franklin with a strong desire to self-improvement and the improvement of mankind. This self-improvement became like a religion for him. He took the desire for moral perfection and turned it into what can be called a scientific experiment that he strived at daily. Franklin made a list of twelve virtues and their descriptions on how to attain them. The virtues were temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation,

Corporate Culture Free Essays

Corporate culture has been said to be the toughest component of a business to change. Do you agree or disagree with this statement and why? I do believe In this statement and believe that It Is actually true. The company’s culture Is something that consists of the values, norms, and the goals of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now When all of these things are put together, they form the culture of that company. Any company that is being unethical can obtain all of these goals. However, they must surely stand to fall in the future. Unethical behavior will always come to the light in given time. If a company selects to run In an organized, ethical way – then the company will surely not need to change their culture but to build on It and Increase positivist in It. A company that hasn’t been running so smoothly and In the ethical way will have a hard time in changing its ways. When we think of culture – we think of a large term with a large meaning. For example, if the United States wanted to change something culturally, then we would have a very hard time in doing so. First because our ultra is NOT to do what someone else says to do but what we, in general, say to do. It can be the same with a business. Even though It may be easy for the company to see the rewards of changing the culture of the business, actually Implementing and following that change will be difficult. Define the five types of power according to French and Raven’s theory. Provide examples of each. According to this theory, there are 5 types of power: Coercive, Reward, Legitimate, Referent, and Expert. Coercive power is something, or an action, that someone in power will take in order to make hangs go their way. Threats and punishment are common tools of coercion. Implying or threatening that someone will be fired, demoted, denied privileges, or given undesirable assignments (French and Ravens Five Forms of Power, Reward power is something that someone will do in order to â€Å"praise† an employee; obviously only a person who has access and the ability to reward people. † Raises, promotions, desirable assignments, training opportunities, and even simple complim ents (French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power, n. D)†. Legitimate power is a â€Å"type of power that can be unpredictable and unstable. If you lose the title or position, legitimate power can Instantly disappear – since others were Influenced by the position, not by you. Also, your scope of power Is limited to situations that others believe you have a right to control. If the fire chief tells people to stay away from a burning building, they’ll probably listen. But if he tries to make people stay away from a street fight, people may well ignore him (French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power, n. . )†. Referent power â€Å"Is sometimes thought of as charisma, charm, admiration, or appeal. Referent power comes from one person Liking and respecting another, and strongly Identifying with that person In some way. Celebrities have referent power, which is why they can influence everything from what people buy to whom they elect to office. In a workplace, a person with charm often makes everyone feel good, so he or she tends to have a lot of influence (French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power, n. D. )†. Lastly, expert power is† when you have knowledge and skills that enable you to understand a situation, suggest solutions, use solid Judgment, and generally outperform others, people will probably listen to you. When you subject matter expert, your ideas will have more value, and others will look to you for leadership in that area (French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power, n. D. )†. Reference French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power: Understanding Where Power Comes From in the Workplace. (n. D. ). Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www. Middleton. Com/ pages/article/Newell_56. HTML How to cite Corporate Culture, Papers

Critical Issues Related to Business Context

Question: Discuss about the Critical Issues Related to Business and Management Context. Answer: Introduction: Company Profile Wesfarmers Limited is multinational company of Australia. It was established in 1914 as corporative firm, which gave goods and services to Western Australian farmers. It headquarter is in Perth and Western Australia. Mostly, Wesfarmers limited deals in chemicals, retail, coal mining and industrial, fertilizers, and safety products. It is a very big Australian company in which around 220000 employees work in various areas (Wesfarmers, 2017). Aims and Objectives: Every company has its aims and objectives, which it wants to achieve effectively and efficiently. The Wesfarmers limited also has such aims and objectives. The main aim of the company is satisfying its customers needs and wants by the help of goods and services. The company also wants to provide better and safe working conditions to their employees. The company also aims to contribute significantly in the growth and success of the retail sector worldwide so that it can manage its business in a well-organized manner and achieve its goals and objectives. Scopes Wesfarmers limited has various scopes to grow and sustain their business in the market. In the segment of chemicals, energy and fertilizers, the company focuses on marketing issues such as safety, operating responsibly, and capacity and diversity to improve their sustainability (Wesfarmers, 2017). By this, the customers are loyal towards the company and the customers base is also increased due to improvement. The company is ethically very sound so there is less interference of the country due to which it has various scopes to enhance its business in various markets. Discussion: Critical issues related to the business and management The businesses are not easy task to run. Businesses are surrounded by several risks and uncertainty factors. There are various critical issues, which influence the working and management of the Wesfarmers limited. The company is also facing problem related to sale in food and liquor division of Coles. Wesfarmers limited is not performing well as compared to Germany Company Aldi and other new companies in the Australian market. By this, its sales of Coles decreased by 0.3 percent. By the result of this, the market shares of Wesfarmers are also slipped down. The company is sale its one or more assets to generate capital for the business (Treadgold, 2016). Now, the company overall sales are improving but there is some critical issues arises in online sale. The sale of the Coles brand of Wesfarmers limited is increased by 5.2 percent. The response of online sale is very good but there some problem arises in technology. The company faces the problem relating to technology. There are several peoples wanted to purchase goods and products from the Wesfarmers limited but they are not surfed on websites due to technical issues (The Conversation, 2013). The Wesfarmers has also faced the price deflation issue related to Coles supermarket business. By this, the net profit of Wesfarmers was decreased 83.3 percent in the year of 2015, which is influence the overall profit of the company. The company is also facing the issue of climate change resilience. The employees, customers, community and the economy are facing problem related to shortage of the water and scarce food supplies. The Wesfarmers limited is monitoring the greenhouse gas and do want to reduce them at any cost. The company also addresses those business activities, which hampered the climate of the country. The company is also doing business in chemical, energy and fertilizers segments. In these segments, there is safety and maintenance issues arise. Wesfarmers limited is emphasizing on this issue and now maintained workplace safer for visitors and employees by focusing on strategies targeting risk reduction, improving physical and mental health, and safety leadership (Wesf armers, 2017). Impact of Internal and external factors The working of the company is influenced by the internal and external factors of the company. The internal factors like employees behaviors, business culture, communication and company leadership. Wesfarmers limited is also influenced by these internal factors. If behavior of employees is good then they do work very efficiently and effectively. However, when they are not happy with leadership style or communication of the company then they are de-motivated and are not able to work effectively. The organisation is also influenced by business culture such as good employer or employees relationship, family friendly policies and teamwork. If the business culture is friendly according to its employees then it provides friendly environment to the employees (Mercer, 2011). External factors also influence working and performance of the organization. There are several factors, which affect businesses such as political factor, economic factor, social-culture factor, technological factor, legal factor, and environment factor. Nowadays, the influences of political factors are increased in the businesses. The government of Australia launched competition policy, which is beneficial for the Wesfarmers limited because this policy helps to eliminate the competition and enhance the performance of the domestic companies (Brychan, 2010). Economic factors have also hampered the performance of the company. The market condition of Australia is declined due to instability in the currency exchange and currency devaluation, which also affected the business activities of the Wesfarmers limited. Wesfarmers limited is also affected by social-cultural factors. As it can be observed that todays customers have become more aware regarding CSR practices and social values, Wesfar mers limited should take care of the needs and expectation of the society in which it wants to operate and survive successfully (Buckley and Ghauri, 2015). The technological factor also influence the decision of Wesfarmers limited. The organization also considers technological factors to sustain in the market (Laudan, 2013). Wesfarmers limited uses green refrigeration technology to store the perishable goods for long time. The environmental affects the business of the Wesfarmers. The chemical, fertilizers and chemical segment of the organisation have caused some adverse effects on environment. Therefore, the organisation should consider these internal and external factors while taking any decision regarding organisation because these internal and external factors have a great impact on productivity and profitability of the Wesfarmers (Nieuwenhuizen et al., 2010) Domestic and international factors affecting business structures and strategy Business is very tough to run. There are various internal, external, domestic and international factors, which affect the working, profitability and productivity of an organisation. Wesfarmers limited is also influenced by domestic and international factors. There are several internal factors such as size, life cycle, strategy, business environment and market analysis, which affect the organisation. There are also external factors, which influence the organisation such as advance in technology, focus on sustainability and environment, culture and religious ideologies, and emerging markets (Craig and Campbell, 2012). The size of organisation affects organisation culture. Wesfarmers limited is big in size. It has large number of employees work in the organisation. Therefore, it requires large number of skilled manager to manage their employees to run organisation in efficient and effective manner. Life cycle of organisation is also affect strategy and structure of organisation. Since Wesfarmers lies between the stage of growth and maturity, therefore, Wesfarmers is making strategy and modifying its structure according to stage of life cycle. For enhancing the business, Wesfarmers invests their funds in develop new products and modify them (Donoho, 2013). Every successful organisation makes their strategy and structure by analyzing market. Wesfarmers has also developed their strategy and structure according to market analysis. There are also external factors, which influence strategies and decision of the Wesfarmers. Environment of different countries has also changed strategies of the organisation. Different countries have different environment and cultural so Wesfarmers have to change or modify its strategies and business model according to them. Wesfarmers also considers religious and spirituals factors while making the strategies and structures of the organisation in different countries (Craig and Campbell, 2012). Conclusion According to the above discussion, it concludes that Wesfarmers limited is influenced by various critical issues such sale of the organisation, financial issues, technology issues, price deflation and climate issues. By these issues, the sale of Wesfarmers has declined by 0.3 percent and the price of its shares also has decreased. It also concludes that internal factor such as business culture, employees behaviors, company leadership and communication are influencing working of the organisation. It is also concluded that external factors like political factor, economic factor, social-culture factor, technological factor, legal factor, and environment factor hampered decision of the Wesfarmers limited. It also concludes that domestic and international factor are affecting strategies and structure of the Wesfarmers limited at different countries. Recommendation On the basis of above evaluation of internal and external factors affecting business of Wesfarmers, it can be recommended that the organisation should adopt the new technologies according to changing environment. This is because if organisation is not changed, then its competitors can take the advantage and capture its market share. It also recommends that the organisation should analysis and monitors the internal and external factors to prevent from uncertainty and risk of the market. Wesfarmers should conduct research related to need and want of the customers by which it can balance its business according to internal and external factors of the organisation. When an organisation deals in domestic and international market then it should consider the fashion, trends, cultures, religious, competition and environmental factors of the different countries. Reference Brychan, T. (2010) E-Commerce Adoption and Small Business in the Global Marketplace: Tools for Optimization: Tools for Optimization. Hershey: IGI Global. Buckley, P. and Ghauri, P. (2015) International Business Strategy: Theory and Practice. Abingdon: Routledge. Craig, T. and Campbell, D. (2012) Organisations and the Business Environment. Abingdon: Routledge. Donoho, D. (2013) International Business Transactions: Problems, Readings Materials Relating to Trade in Goods and Services. United States: Carolina Academic Press. Grayson, L. (2012) The Social and Economic Impact of New Technology. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Laudan, L. (2013) The Nature of Technological Knowledge, Are Models of Scientific Change Relevant?. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Mercer, S. (2011) Towards an Understanding of Language Learner Self-Concept. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Nieuwenhuizen, C., Badenhorst-Weiss, H., Rossouw, D., Brevis, T., and Cant, M. (2010) Business Management: A Contemporary Approach. South Africa: Juta and Company. The Conversation (2013) Wesfarmers boosts sales, but online still a challenge for retailers. [Online]. Available at: https://theconversation.com/wesfarmers-boosts-sales-but-online-still-a-challenge-for-retailers-11857 (Accessed: 03 April 2017). Treadgold, T. (2016) Wesfarmers Facing Retail Challenge, Business News Western Australia, [Online]. Available at: https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/Wesfarmers-facing-retail-challenge (Accessed: 03 April 2017). Wesfarmers (2017) Chemicals, Energy Fertilizers. [Online] Available at: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-businesses/industrials/chemicals-energy-fertilisers/ (Accessed: 03 April 2017). Wesfarmers (2017) Who We Are. [Online] Available at: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/who-we-are/who-we-are (Accessed: 03 April 2017).

The Difference Essay Research Paper The DifferenceBush free essay sample

The Difference Essay, Research Paper The Difference Bush or Gore? Will it be the frailty president or the governor of Texas to make full the presidential term? Even after election twenty-four hours, this is still a really questionable subject. Because of the peoples # 8217 ; split positions, it seems the state has divided itself: half for Gore, half for Bush. Their positions differ on issues such as revenue enhancements, societal security, and gun control. First, George W. Bush believes that federal income revenue enhancements are excessively high and that a revenue enhancement cut for all Americans is the best manner to accomplish financial duty in authorities. Besides, he believes that money paid to the authorities is that of the people, and should be returned to them alternatively of blowing it on societal disbursement plans. Contrary to this, Al Gore has a different position on revenue enhancements. Gore supports raising revenue enhancements for authorities disbursement on plans designed to pacify particular involvement. We will write a custom essay sample on The Difference Essay Research Paper The DifferenceBush or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He besides believes that authorities demands to come foremost, non hard-working households. Second, the other seeable difference is evident in their positions on societal security. Bush favors a signifier of the system that allows seting financess into private investings to protect it for retirement. The governor believes in the single # 8217 ; s ability to do his ain retirement determinations. However, Gore is unmindful to the defects of the P resent system. He vows to maintain societal security the same and supports higher income revenue enhancement for system support. In add-on, Gore believes that people should non be given the ability to program for retirement without authorities intercession. Third, another difference between the current frailty president and the governor of Texas trades with gun control. Bush believes in implementing Torahs designed to maintain pieces out of the custodies of felons ; and wants ferocious prosecution of those who commit a offense with a piece. Bush believes that fiddling with the constitutional right for carriers of pieces will merely set the condemnable component at an advantage, because felons don # 8217 ; t normally obey gun Torahs. Contrary to this, Gore believes that guns in the custodies of jurisprudence esteeming people pose a menace to society. The Justice Department has systematically ignored enforcement of gun Torahs and has refused to prosecute many instances where a gun offense has fallen within federal legal power. Bush or Gore? The inquiry remains. During the presidential argument a twosome of months before the general election, their differences became public in a few critical positions: revenue enhancements, societal security, and gun control. A line seems to split our state ; a line that says, # 8220 ; Gore electors to the right, Bush electors to the left. # 8221 ; Currently, it is non evident which side is heavier.

Our Three Branches of Government essays

Our Three Branches of Government essays Governmental power and functions in the United States rest in three branches of government: the Legislative, Judicial, and Executive. In this system of a "separation of powers" each branch operates independently of the others. However, there are built in checks and balances to prevent overbearing concentration of power in any one branch and to protect the rights and liberties of citizens. Articles One, Two, and Three of the Constitution, define the powers that the Legislative, Executive and the Judicial Branchs oversee. The Legislative Branch is the first area that we will look at. The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, of the Constitution. ``All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.'' The most important responsibility of Congress is that of making the laws of the United States. In both houses, standing committees do the work of preparing and considering legislation, and in addition, there are special committees in each house, as well as joint committees. The two houses have an equal voice in legislation, but revenue bills must originate in the House of Representatives. Bills, after having been passed by each house separately, must be signed by the President within 10 days of their submission or they become law automatically, unless Congress is not in session. If vetoed by the President, a bill may become law only by a vote of a two-thirds majority in each house. Only the House of Representatives may impeach the President or other federal officers and the Senate alone has the authority to try impeachments, but each house is the moderator of the qualifications of its own members. The Senate must ratify all treaties by a two-thirds vote and confirm important presidential appointments to office, including cabinet members, judges of federal courts, and high-ranking officers of the ar...

The joy of specifics - Emphasis

The joy of specifics The joy of specifics Its always a great feeling of revelation (not to mention vindication) when something you have long suspected or known to be true suddenly pops up and proves itself out in the real world. I found this recently regarding the power of being precise. Now, naturally I have always known that smoking is not a wise habit in terms of ones health hence, I eventually managed to quit. Its effects are difficult to ignore: after all, they are printed on the packet. Difficult, but in some cases not impossible. For example: smoking causes aging of the skin. Hmm. A rather cursory, vague warning this it has the feeling of a meagre afterthought, and one that is quite easy to dismiss. But compare this, which I saw in a skincare clinic: Two cigarettes a day can destroy the entire RDA of vitamin C in your body. Crikey. The details in that are impossible to ignore. It manages to be succinct, specific and surprising in a very real, very vivid way. Id definitely be stubbing out now if I hadnt already.

Kenya Airways Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kenya Airways - Assignment Example The airline was initially owned by the Government of Kenya until the year 1995, and it was privatized in 1996 and since then it has become the first African flag carrier in successfully doing so. Today Kenya Airways is a public-private partnership. In this regard, the shareholding of this partnership is as follows Government of Kenya (29.8%), followed by KLM, which has a 26.73% stake in the company. The rest is held by private owners. (Kenya airways.ac.ke) Â  Being first flag carrier in Kenya its stocks are traded in different exchange markets this includes Nairobi Stock exchange, the Dar-es-salaam Stock Exchange, and the Uganda Stock exchange. Kenya Airways has become widely considered as one of the leading Sub-Saharan operators and became a full member of sky team in June 2010 and a member of African Airlines Association since 1977 and it has had quite a tremendous growth with 4,834 employees as per June 2012. Â  The airline has been using web sale service and this has shown some tremendous growth of USD 28.6 million in ticket sales compared to USD 24.2 million in the previous year showing a growth rate of 17.9%, with total revenue of USD 95.2 billion which is an increase of 26.3% above prior year. Â  The management of Kenya Airways has given a report that the profitability of the company has been affected by some factors this includes high fuel prices, the euro crisis and a generally weak economy in the West. Despite this, the management has announced a high turnover of USD 107.9 billion which represent a 26% increase on prior year turnover of USD 85.8 billion, profit after tax realized was USD 1.66 billion compared to the prior year of USD 3.5 billion. Â  

Select two topics from the list and critically discuss how they Assignment

Select two topics from the list and critically discuss how they contribute to the effective operation of the Human Resouce Manag - Assignment Example An economic downturn also affects the reward system of the firm where the human resource management has to figure out a way to reduce the costs of rewards and still keep employees motivated (Ere.net. 2013). Economic Downturn: No business operates in isolation and is very sensitive to the outside environment. As an economy goes into a recession there is a significant decline in economic activity, a slowdown in industrial production, a decrease in consumer spending, loss of jobs, and a reduction in real income. For example Sherry FitzGerald a leading Irish residential and commercial estate agent was significantly affected by the recession as the volume of transactions in the residential market fell by 40% and their capital value fell by 50% ( Top of Form Roche, 2011). Bottom of Form . Due to this downturn, the Human Resource Management all of a sudden finds itself in the midst of problems encompassing all of its functions. It needs to reduce workers, ensure it maintains the motivation of the survivors, completely redesign jobs, and also try to gain the few opportunities that recession presents to the various firms. During the downturn of an economy, the human resource management must strive to maintain a balance between the interests of the employees and the organization as a whole. This scenario greatly affects the efficiency of the HR as it is faced with increasing constraints. Due to a decrease in economic activity, the management faces a decline in the HR budget and the main priority of the firm is to reduce production costs. Downsizing becomes the norm as companies critically review the allocation of their resources. Sherry FitzGerald however, did not initiate a redundancy policy right away, but decided that its chief HR policy would be to offer job protection and security. Salary cuts, recruitment embargo, career breaks and flexible working hours were offered to the staff and it was claimed that redundancies would be kept to the minimum. However, the comple x economic situation threatened HR with more problems as all the steps it had taken until now were not very effective in decreasing the cost. Thus, redundancies were seen as unavoidable and 31 employees were laid off. Cuts in salaries and reduction in fringe benefits was implemented once more. Layoffs put up a challenge for the HR departments, as they try to keep the existing employees motivated and appropriately trained. Reduced staffing levels and funds, and psychological problems faced by the employees during this hard time make the work of the HR difficult. All the events faced by the HR department of Sherry FitzGerald challenged its efficiency as many of their policies were not very effective in reducing costs and helping the firm through recession. However, by involving the staff and trying very hard to compensate its workers, it gained the support of its employees and was able to live through the hard times (Dtz Sherry Fitzgerald (Firm), 2010). The economic recession of 2007 created uncertainty for the American businesses and many are still hesitant in investing. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, corporate spending is increasing and GDP is expanding; but companies are still hesitant to hire again (Charles et al 2010). Many companies have also cut spending for the current employees, and won’t increase wages, benefits, and investment in hiring and training

Describe Your Own Leadership Style Essay Example for Free

Describe Your Own Leadership Style Essay Jim Collins and a group of 22 research associates conducted a five-year research project searching an answer on the question ‘how a company from merely good can be transformed to great one’ and identified that behind this transformation lies a level 5 leader. Level 5 leadership refers to the highest level in a hierarchy of manager’s capabilities. A level 5 leader transforms the organisation into a great institution through a paradoxical combination of personal humility plus professional will. Beneath Level 5 leaders, lie four other layers, each one appropriate in its own right but none with the power of Level 5. Level 1 leader is a high capable individual who plays an important role in the success of his organisation through his talent, knowledge, skills and good work habits. A level 2 leader is a contributing team member who is very good with his team members and ensures that his team meets its assigned objectives and fulfils the core purpose. A level 3 leader is a competent manager who is skilled at organising people and resources towards the effective and efficient pursuit of predetermined objectives. A level 4 leader is an effective leader. He sets high-level performance standards. He is remarkable at motivating his people and leading them towards realising his vision of the organisation. (Appendix 1, p. 11 summarises all levels of Collins’ Leadership Hierarchy) (Collins, J. (2005). Level 5 Leadership: The Triumph of Humility and Fierce Resolve, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 83. No. 7, p. 136-146) The purpose of this assignment is to conduct an evaluation of my own style of leadership within the organisation in which I work by using the above hierarchy as a frame of reference. In order to produce a thorough assessment on both my style and the usefulness of Collin’s model, a range of other theories and concepts must be taken into consideration. However, before proceeding to the analysis and evaluation, it would be helpful first to know the position I hold as well as its responsibilities within the organisation. A Brand Manager, member of the Marketing Department, is responsible for the planning, development and implementation of the Companys marketing activities, among others: Launching of new products, market research studies, promotional activities/materials, to organize and execute the raining programs for the Sales Force. In order to become an efficient and effective Brand manager, the company is requiring knowledge (good academic background), experience and managerial skills including: Strategic and analytic capabilities, entrepreneurial spirit, team player, and flexibility and strong skills in communication and leadership. The Idea of Leadership It is most likely to find a topic more important to business success today than leadership. Leadership is defined as the ability to influence people toward the achievement of goals. Leadership occurs among people, involves the use of influence and it is used to attain goals. Leaders are expected to persuade or inspire people, produce cooperative efforts and pursue goals. Leadership is different from management, though the two are easily confused. One may be a leader without being a manager and many managers cannot ‘lead a squad of seven- years –olds to the ice cream counter’ according to Gardner (1989). Gardner believes that there are several dimensions for distinguishing leadership from management. Leaders think long-term, look outside as well as inside and influence others regardless the position that they possess. In order to understand the idea of Leadership and which are the characteristics a leader usually has, studies and research have been conducted and several approaches to leadership styles as well as theories are arose. Some of them are going to be related to Collin’s Level 5 leadership hierarchy as well as to my own style of leadership. (Daft R. L. , Management, ch. 16, Leadership in Organisations , p. 514-515) Level 1 Leader The Leadership Traits Approach Leadership trait approach is the oldest approach to the study of leadership. From this approach occurs that there are certain qualities in some people that define them as leaders or potential leaders. Traits therefore are the distinguishing personal characteristics such as intelligence, values and appearance. Leaders extend their power and use their abilities to influence events. Effective leaders are usually more intelligent, more dependable, responsible and more active. They usually ask for more information and give out more information. However, the ppropriateness of a trait or a set of traits depends on the leadership situation. The same traits do not apply to every organisation or situation. (Appendix 2, p. 11 summarises the physical, social and personal leadership characteristics) On the contrary, Collin’s Hierarchy is consisted of several characteristics/ capabilities that most can be found also in the leadership trait approach such as knowledge, achievement to drive and working effectively with others in a group setting. However, two characteristics that are of great importance are not included in it. There are the most important ones and are a necessary requirement for transforming an organisation from good to great, humility and professional will. (Diploma in Management, Module book 1, section 6, Teams in Management, p. 6. 16) However, in order to understand in what extent these two concepts can be correlated, we can use ourselves as an example. For instance, my position requires being a highly capable individual (Collin’s Hierarchy Level 1). How can I accomplish this requirement? By demonstrating many of the personal traits such as intelligence, knowledge, judgement and cognitive ability. For instance, the products that I handle have intense competition. Good knowledge of the market as well as intelligent moves made them to differentiate from competition. The creation of a guideline for treatment at home as well as the delivery of the products at home gave a benefit to them. As a result, Doctors preferred to prescribe these products for long term use and hade great impact on the company’s name and reliability. When we speak of leadership, either we refer to the qualities/ competencies of an individual or we can refer to a function of organisation. The ‘trait’ theory of leadership- the traditional or popular management view of leadership- focuses on the concept that leadership is a quality or set of qualities particular to an individual. On the contrary, the group dynamics theory sees leadership as a function of organisation. Level 2 Leader Task versus people perspective styles Task versus people perspective styles of leadership do not take into consideration the organisation as a whole. They focus on teams. Every group of people has a task to accomplish. However, since groups are composed of people, several needs arise from them. According to the group dynamics theory of leadership, the person who adequately fulfils the needs that the group perceive to be the most important could be considered as an effective leader. A working team need to fulfil two functions. First, its formal tasks must be fulfilled. In order this to be accomplished; a set of competencies must be evolved. Technical knowledge, innovation and sense of achievement are related with the instrumental need to perform the tasks. Second, needs for affiliation, interaction and mutual support are usually observed within a team. Such needs are called expressive needs. The person who becomes leader must facilitate the satisfaction of some of the teams’ needs. This leader emerges to the group because he is the best able to help the group survive and succeed. ) (Master in Business Administration, Module book 3, section 1 The Theory of Leadership, p. 1. 7-1-11) According to Collin’s leadership hierarchy, the leader that is described in the group dynamics approach could be characterised as a level 2 leader. A contributing team member who is very good with his team members and ensures that his team meets its assigned objectives and fulfils the core purpose. Both group dynamics approach and Collins hierarchy are useful in helping us to see how leaders may relate to team members and to situations. (Collins, J. , (2005). Level 5 Leadership: The Triumph of Humility and Fierce Resolve, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 83. No. 7, p. 136-146) As a Brand Manager, one of my responsibilities to support our sales team by providing them with moderate amounts of detail and focus on why it is important for the team members to complete our objectives. However, I believe that co-owning the objective/action plan with team members and asking team members ideas as well as offering my own ideas is more efficient and can lead us easier to our goals. Besides, It is better to have, for instance, five people to think rather than one. Therefore, I strongly believe that teamwork can lead to better results. Level 3 Leader The Contingency Theory According to contingency models, leadership depends as much on the situation of the group as on the leader himself or herself. Thus, we have a choice; either the leader can fit to the situation or change effectively the situation to fit the leader. As we can understand, leadership is different for first-level supervisors than for chief executives and the kind of leadership needed for skilled and highly motivated followers may not work for followers who are alienated and untrained. According to Fiedler, contingency model divides the leadership situation into three variables. In order to determine the most effective leadership style, we must consider the inter-relationship of the three contingencies: leader – member relations, task- structure and position power. 1. Leader – member relations, where mutual trust, respect and open communication exist and can be consider as advantageous. This means that tasks are clear and structured and members are aware of the power the leader holds. On the other hand, where there is little or no trust, respect of communication, then the relationship can be characterised as disadvantageous (control over the situation is needed and a focus on a task will not detract from the leaders/ team relationship because this is not essential to start with. 2.  Task- structure, when work is highly structured and easy to know when somebody has not complied with an instruction and it is easy to impose sanctions. However, when work is unstructured, leaders cannot enforce compliance with external controls and therefore, the leader has much less power than when work is highly structured. 3. Position power, is the extent to which a leader has formal authority over the followers. When position power is high then the leader has the power to plan and direct the work of followers, evaluate it and accordingly reward or punish it. On the other hand, when position power is low, the leader has little authority over followers. (Appendix 3, p. 11 presents Fiedler’s examination on how Leader Style fits the situation) Finally, according to Fiedler, task-oriented leaders tend to be more effective in situations that are either highly advantageous or highly disadvantageous to them and that relationship-oriented leaders tend to be more effective in situations that are moderately advantageous to them. (Bolman,L. G. , Terrence,D. E. , Reframing Organisations, Ch. , Reframing Leadership, p. 342-344) According to Collin, a level 3 leader is a competent manager who is skilled at organising people and resources towards the effective and efficient pursuit of predetermined objectives. However, as it is showed above, an efficient leader must differ from situation to situation or from team to team, according to its special characteristics. Analysing a level 3 leader in correlation with Contingency theory, we understand tha t a level 3 leader should consider both leader –member relations and tasks. Predetermined objectives cannot be achieved, if mutual trust, respect and open communication do not exist in a team and if tasks are not highly structured and followers do not know precisely their responsibilities. However, we must never ignore the extent to which a leader has formal authority over the followers. (Collins, J. , (2005). Level 5 Leadership: The Triumph of Humility and Fierce Resolve, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 83. No. 7, p. 136-146) For instance, according to my position, my everyday contact is with the sales team. According to my opinion, it is clear that trust, respect as well as open communication and mutual understanding exist within our team. One of the responsibilities of my position is to organise in some extent, their work by indicating them what is our goal and how we can reach it, with what tools and where we want to focus. Another one is to monitor our products sales and ask questions whenever I believe it is necessary. However, my position power is not as high as to evaluate them and reward or punish them accordingly.

W.B. Yeats and History Essay -- Poetry Poet Yeats

Yeats in Time: The Poet's Place in History All things can tempt me from this craft of verse: One time it was a woman's face, or worse-- The seeming needs of my fool-driven land; Now nothing but comes readier to the hand Than this accustomed toil. In these lines from "All Things can Tempt Me" (40, 1-5), Yeats defines the limitations of the poet concerning his role in present time. These "temptations" (his love for the woman, Maude Gonne, and his desire to advance the Irish Cultural Nationalist movement) provide Yeats with the foundation upon which he identifies his own limitations. In his love poetry, he not only expresses his love for Gonne, he uses his verse to influence her feelings, attempting to gain her love and understanding. In regard to the Nationalists, he incorporates traditional Irish characters, such as Fergus and the Druids, to create an Irish mythology and thereby foster a national Irish identity. After the division of the Cultural Nationalists, Yeats feels left behind by the movement and disillusioned with their violent, "foolish" methods. He is also repeatedly rejected by Gonne. These efforts to instigate change through poetry both fail, bringing the function of the poet and his poetry into question. If these unfruitful poems tempt him from his ?craft of verse,? then what is the true nature verse and why is it a ?toil? for the poet? Also, if Yeats cannot use poetry to influence the world around him, then what is his role as a poet? As ?All Things can Tempt Me? continues, Yeats addresses this question of role by describing the way he perceived bards in his youth. He speaks of the poet?s song, saying, "Did not the poet sing it with such airs/ That one believed he had a sword upstairs;" (7-8). Thi... ...ory is not a nightmare from which Yeats is trying to awake; it is the very world in which he lives. When he says that if Gonne had understood him he would have ?been content to live,? it is another way of saying that (since she can never understand him) he is not content to live. As a poet, he has undergone a kind of death, rendering him a lifeless observer of the present while becoming an active participant in the past which his poetry explores. Whether he sees this role as a dream or a nightmare, if Yeats ever awoke from history, he would cease to be a true poet and his verse would lose its true meaning. Works Cited Yeats, W.B.. Yeats's Poetry, Drama, and Prose. Ed. James Pethica. New York: Norton, 2000. Ramazani, Jahan. "The Elegiac Love Poems: A Woman Dead and Gon(n)e. " In Yeats's Poetry, Drama, and Prose. Ed. James Pethica. New York: Norton, 2002.

Devils Advocate: Chipotle Essay

Chipotle has come a long way since the 1993 introduction of it’s 1-unit operation in Denver; now spanning into a 1,458-unit operation serving more than 900,000 customers per day in over 43 states. [Gamble] However, they haven’t been the only fast-casual restaurants to be successful. In 2012, 8 of the 10 fastest growing restaurant chains were classified as fast-casual restaurants—Moe’s Southwest Grill, Qdoba Mexican Grill, and Chipotle all among these leaders. A strength that is unique to Chipotle is their commitment to â€Å"Food with Integrity†. The transition to using organically grown local produce and naturally raised meats has proven profitable in today’s health craze, which has consumers looking for healthier, MSG-free products. This benefit helps distinguish themselves from their competition. Chipotle faces competition from every direction when it comes to quick serve restaurants. Two restaurants in particular, Five Guys Burgers and Fr ies and Jimmy John’s, are opening new locations faster than Chipotle. [Shaw] A threat of new entry comes into play with Noodles and Company, who have become an immediate hit by adding pasta to the array of fast casual options, taking the burgers and sandwiches industries by surprise. While none of these companies have quite lived up to the potential that Chipotle has created for themselves, they are quickly carving out chunks of market share; something that Chipotle should keep a close eye on. Chipotle’s recently introduced catering program is also an exciting growth opportunity. Panera’s current catering service is estimated to generate up to 8% of their sales. Although in it’s first quarter it comprised of less than 1% of total sales for Chipotle, management is expecting to generate as much, if not more, profit as the competition as customer awareness continues to increase. Taco Bell, one of Chipotles closest competitors, has introduced a Cantina Bell menu that consists of upgraded products wish fresher ingredients that is set just below the price of similar Chipotle products. This, combined with their introduction of the Doritos-based product Doritos Locos Tacos, has allowed Taco Bell to regain ground previously lost, proving they are once again a  significant threat of substitution to Chipotle. Unfortunately, Chipotle is heavily dependent on local farmers for the organic supplies required for their product. Because the supplier power is so high, some Chipotle restaurants in a few markets reverted to the use of conventionally raised beef in early 2012. Due to these rising market prices, Chipotle’s costs for food, beverages, and packing rose from 30.6% of revenues in 2010 to 32.6% in 2012. [Gamble] Chipotle’s Return on Equity is well above the average of 12-15%, sitting at 20.6% in 2011 and 22.3% in 2012. There has also been an increase of .08% between the two years, which proves stockholders investments are continuing to grow. Their Return on Assets measures the return on total monetary investment in the enterprise, with a higher number and upward trend signifying growth. In 2011 it was 42.9% and grew to 50.9% in 2012, showing a .19% increase. The operating profit margin (or ROS) shows the percentage of revenues available to cover operating expenses and yield a profit. Just like the ROA, higher is better and trend should be upward. In 2011 Chipotle sat at 15.4%, and grew to 16.7% in 2012. When looking at liquidity ratio’s, the current ratio show’s the firms ability to pay current liabilities using assets that can be converted to cash in the near term. Ratio’s should definitely be higher than 1.0. Chipotle has done great in this aspect, reac hing 3.183 in 2011. Unfortunately they fell to 2.925 in 2012, which is still well above the average, but is a decrease from 2011. A higher working capital is beneficial so that the company has more internal funds available. In 2011, Chipotle had $343,739, which increased .05% to $359, 749 in 2012. These ratios are an important financial aspect to look at because it determines the ability to invest in market expansion activities, research and development activities, and improvements on features and performance of Chipotle’s products. One key strategic issue that Chipotle faces is their lack of presence internationally. There are a significant amount of expansion opportunities for them to consider. With just 14 locations in the four countries they currently reside in, there is plenty of room to introduce their product worldwide. Yum! Brands, which includes one of Chipotle’s closest competitors (Taco Bell), have 39,000 locations located outside the United States. [Shaw] Needless to say, opening a handful of test locations internationally could provide a plethora of new locations for Chipotle to introduce their product. Another surprising key strategic issue  that they face is global climate change. They identified global weather patterns as business risks in its annual filing last month. If prices of their raw ingredients increase, there is talk that they might temporarily suspend some menu items such as guacamole and some of their salsas. Although Chris Arnold, spokesperson for Chipotle, stated the inform ation was â€Å"nothing more than a routine ‘risk factor’ disclosure† [Vasel], it is nonetheless something Chipotle will have to come up with a creative solution for. Lastly, Chipotles recent partnership with Slow Food USA in support of school gardens across the U.S. could prove extremely beneficial to Chipotle in the future. Not only does this further promote Chipotle’s dedication to sustainability, there is also a marketing angle to the partnership. The more the children know about where food comes from and how it’s prepared, the more health conscious they become. With this knowledge in mind, where do you think they will go for fast food? Chipotle. This is an all around great marketing move on behalf of Chipotle. In conclusion, it would seem beneficial for Chipotle to take a closer look at introducing current, as well as unique and innovative products to new markets. There are plenty of expansion opportunities worldwide for them to build upon the 14 they currently have in business. This would also be an opportunity to capture market share away from Taco Bell and other rivals who have already expanded internationally. It would also be beneficial to create new product lines to compensate for the global climate change challenges they may face in the near future. By creating new foods and dishes to serve different markets, they will be able to acquire suppliers in the local area, and possibly bring some of these innovative ideas back stateside. Their partnership with Slow Food USA could also open doors for them to do similar partnerships internationally; creating a great way for younger generation’s to grow accustomed to Chipotle’s practices. Questions Sources say they have had success on college campuses in the past—do you think Winona would provide an appropriate demographic/geographic presence for success? Haven’t expanded internationally quite yet, if they did where do you think they would have the most success? Sources also say that their guacamole and some salsas are at risk to global climate change and might be dropped from the menu, how would you recommend combating this? Considering  their partnership with Slow Food USA, do you think applying similar practices will help introduce their product internationally? Citations â€Å"Chipotle and Slow Food USA Launch New Partnership Supporting School Gardens.† – MarketWatch. N.p., 8 Oct. 2014. Web. 08 Oct. 2014. Gamble, John, and Arthur A. Thompson. Essentials of Strategic Management: The Quest for Competitive Advantage. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009. Print. Shaw, Brian. â€Å"4 Ways for Chipotle to Continue Its Strong Growth.† (CMG). N.p., 12 Jan. 2012. Web. 04 Oct. 2014. Vasel, Kathryn B. â€Å"Chipotle: Guacamole at Risk From Global Climate Change.† Fox Business. N.p., 5 Mar. 2014. Web. 03 Oct. 2014.

Business to Nation Building Essay

There are three particular foundations sustaining any process that concerns nation building: government representing political leadership; civil society or the citizens of the country; and business or the economic sector. These three concepts must work together and as much as possible, work together harmoniously to drive the said nation-building process forward because they serve as the hands and feet of the nation. Business is the cornerstone of prosperity in society: companies create the resources that permit social development and welfare. Companies, through their commercial operations, actively contribute to progress in society. Obviously, the government alone cannot accomplish things especially its projects and programs on its own. Had it been capable, it would already have done it. Without the businesses around, the government wouldn’t work out the plans it opt to undertake because it needs funds coming from taxes and taxes comes from these establishments. The ability to produce an added value for firms – profit – is the basic prerequisite for business, but it is also a foundation for prosperity in society. Only profitable companies are sustainable in the long term and capable of creating goods, services, processes, return on capital, work opportunities and a tax base. This is what business does better than any other sector. Hence, companies’ basic commercial operations are the primary benefit they bring to society. Companies benefit society by: Supplying goods and services that customer cannot, or do not want to, produce themselves * Creating jobs for customers, suppliers, distributors and co-workers; these people make money to support themselves and their families, pay taxes and use their wages to buy goods and services * Continually developing new goods, services and processes * Investing in new technologies and in the skills of employees * Building up and spreading international standards, e. g. or environmenta l practices * Spreading â€Å"good practice† in different areas, such as the environment and workplace safety The role of business in the development of society can be described in many ways. In another point of view, they are sometimes referred to as the company’s corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility is a less broad concept than civic involvement. Even though there is no set, internationally accepted definition, this is often described as a voluntary responsibility that transcends the demands of national legislation and includes the human rights and environmental and social issues. Another definition of CSR uses sustainable development as a starting point. In practice, CSR means that businesses meet the demands of national legislation and, where this is inadequate, look in addition to a collection of established, fundamental freedoms and rights that are globally recognized. CSR demands that businesses manage the economic, social and environmental impacts of their operations to maximize the benefits and minimize the downsides. Business is the ‘game-changer’ of today’s world. We are significantly dependent on them. Majority of our day-to-day activities are involved with an interaction with various kinds of businesses (whether you felt hungry and decided to buy food or you just went to a parlor to have a haircut). But what’s good to know is that they do not benefit from us alone whenever we pay their goods or services but they give mutual advantage for the welfare of the greater society by having their own share in nation-building, too.

Deep Vein Thrombosis Essay Example

Deep Vein Thrombosis Essay Example Deep Vein Thrombosis Essay Deep Vein Thrombosis Essay Essay Topic: Deep I am here to talk to you about deep vein thrombosis and about its causes and effects it can have on a person. You all have probably heard about this disease, but most likely have never encountered it. It is generally common to older people around 40 years plus and to people who have not had proper exercise. It is disease of the circulatory system causing a blood clot to form in one of the deep veins in the body, especially in the calf or thigh. This is where blood moves most slowly, and when a deep vein thrombosis occurs the blood goes so slow that it forms a solid wedge-like clot in the vein. Most of the time after the clot has happened pains can be felt where the clot has formed. Also the skin temperature can be raised around the clot and sudden swelling can be seen. Occasionally, some of the surface veins may be more visible than usual. If the clot has formed in the leg then flexing the foot may also cause pain. DVT can be quite easily detected. Scientists have found a way of using ultrasound technology to detect even the tiniest of clots. Another way is to give blood tests which would show the state of a by product of clotting material called D-dimer. If the doctor suspects a DVT, they usually would arrange an ultrasound test. You may think DVTs are life-threatening and easily cause deaths, but they are not. However, the complications can be fatal. The most common and most fatal complication is pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism has a one in three chance of happening. This causes a piece of clot to break away and become lodged inside the lungs causing severe breathing difficulties. This is generally untreated and one in ten people with this die. Rarities include a piece being lodged in other parts of the body, including the brain. This could lead to a stroke. A less serious complication that affects most people after DVT is post-thrombotic syndrome which causes ulceration, swelling and pain at the skin around the vein valves where the DVT has occurred. Around seventy percent of DVT victims need to be cared for in a hospital during the initial stages as the doctors aim to dissolve the clot and stop further clots from forming. The most common type of treatment is to thin the blood, using the drug heparin, to make the blood flow easily. Patients are then given warfarin for several months to stop a haemorrhage from forming. Painkillers are also given as is heat to the area. There are many reasons why DVTs occur. The medical reasons that make them more likely to occur include a family history of the disease, cancer, obesity, and varicose veins. Paralysis or immobility also causes DVT. After a broken leg or major surgery DVTs are common because patients are unable to move discouraging blood flow. Nowadays patients are told to do exercise right from the beginning. Women who are taking the pill are four times more likely to have a DVT than those who are not as are women on hormone replacement therapy. Pregnant women or those who have just given birth are also more likely to experience then. However, the most common cause of a DVT to occur has only been discovered recently. A French study has shown that people who travel for long hours on a car, train or plane, are four times more likely to have a DVT than anyone else. There is an increased risk to air travellers as the inactivity and dehydration, make the blood sticky. Special compression stockings and foot cushions have been invented to reduce the risks of DVT in legs. Taking drug-thinning tablets, i. e. aspirin, before a long flight and waling around in the cabin can make it easy for the blood to climb up the veins, therefore reducing the risk of a DVT. Keeping mobile is vital especially after an operation. DVT has also been part of the media coverage over the past few years. Many newspapers and television news stations have reported on scientists findings and how DVT is a cause for concern. The government pledged over one million pounds into research of DVT and its link with air travel. After this many families of victims called on the many MPs to give better warning about DVT, this lead to TV campaigns and more awareness on planes. Airlines were told to make their planes a lot less cramped as they were also a major factor resulting in a DVT. However, airlines were later being sued for corporate manslaughter after many passengers continued to die due to Deep Vein Thrombosis. Ana article in the Daily Mail on the 22nd of October showed that fifteen families had asked police chiefs nationwide to investigate the deaths and then charge the airline bosses. Earlier in August the RAC foundation had warned drivers are at a risk as well as passengers on long drives. They warned that even younger drivers were at risk from a blood clot as well as older drivers. The foundation proved that it is not only airplanes that cause DVT, but that it is confined spaces and inactivity that causes them as well. The AA also backed this up by giving evidence of a taxi driver who died following long periods of time in his taxi. An inquest had found that he had suffered a DVT and it had moved up into his lungs before killing him. His widow believed the job was most definitely to blame. Many airlines have been forced to give compensation to families of victims and victims themselves. On the 18th of October this year a women won i 13000 from Virgin Atlantic because she suffered a DVT and many other injuries after she was crushed by a 23 stone American women on a flight. She complained to the air crew on board but there were no seats, therefore she had to suffer. Another court case this autumn will secure payments from airlines for half a million pounds for people who have died from DVT.

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Has no topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Has no topic - Essay Example What was particularly revolutionary about this political movement was the achievement of liberty, dignity, and self-representation. Still many others opinion that the American Revolution cannot be considered as mighty a revolution as the ones witnessed in France or China because a true revolution results in distribution of power and demolition of old law and order which cannot be safely said about the American Revolution. The purpose of this essay is to contemplate the nature of the American Revolution in order to identify what was really revolutionary about it and what was not. Masses of North American settlers in this historical event gathered to break free from the British Empire in order to give themselves a proper and dignified identity. In order to fulfill this noble purpose, thirteen colonies in North America invested prodigious amounts of hard work and enthusiasm as a consequence of which the United States of America came into existence. This makes this critically important m ovement a true revolution because it gave the Americans that glorious identity which forms the hallmark of any nation. No nation in the world can claim to have any solid power without the safety of self-representation and independence. ... This movement should be considered truly revolutionary because it formed a defining moment in American history and effectively changed the pattern of life that would be lived by generations of Americans afterwards. It would not be a hyperbolic statement if said that this very revolution often forms any American child’s first encounter with history which says much about the credibility, authority, and influence of this historical movement. The Americans who participated in this late 18th century revolution were quite determined and defiant revolutionaries. Though they were loyal to the system of English law, still they wanted all their rights appropriately recognized and the right of independence made to top of the list. The unity between North Americans who started the movement of independence and participated in the war was extremely revolutionary. It was the result of that momentous unity that scintillating light broke through the dense darkness and the British Empireâ€℠¢s tough attempts at crushing the American Revolution met failure. It was also very revolutionary that a large percentage of defiant protestors did not lose courage and become repressed when the British legislation labeled the groundbreaking efforts as provocative actions and decided to punish the colonies for claiming rights. The British rulers indisputably miscalculated the perseverance and unified power of the American revolutionaries who had neither an army nor a navy and even lacked experienced commanding officers. In contrast to the American warriors, historical evidence suggests that the British possessed a properly structured professional army and the kind of navy which could not be found anywhere else in the world (Ferling). Added to that the world’s finest weaponry left little