Science Fiction Influenced Teachings of Enlightenment...

Enlightenment thinkers, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, and Nicolas de Condorcet were influenced by teachings of the Scientific Revolution. Reason and logic were used to dissect what was good and valuable apart from what was tyrannical and unable to be proven from the old teachings of philosophers and religion. It was this process of reason and logic that gave these thinkers the confidence in man’s intelligence and potential to improve that showed up in their writings. According to our course textbook, â€Å"The new critical spirit (of questioning laws and rules formerly accepted as true without proof) led the thinkers of the Enlightenment to doubt the literal truth of the Bible and to dismiss miracles as incompatible with what†¦show more content†¦He has no evidence. Therefore he will not believe. There is no scientific method to be had or done. Influences of the Scientific Revolution can also be found in the writings of Benjamin Franklin. In my opinion, Fran klin continued to hold onto Puritan-guilt, but still questioned those teachings. Influences of the Scientific Revolution can be found in his parody, â€Å"A Witch Trial at Mount Holly.† In this parody witches are put on trial and are offered to prove their innocence with scientific experimentation. They had to be weighed against the bible and tossed in the river with feet and hands bound. They agreed to the experimentation as long as some of the accusers submitted to the same tests (CP 72). The parody showed the folly of these religious accusers as they weighed more than the Bible and most of them all floated instead of drowning. This story showed the folly in this dogma and doctrine. The influence also left Franklin with a strong desire to self-improvement and the improvement of mankind. This self-improvement became like a religion for him. He took the desire for moral perfection and turned it into what can be called a scientific experiment that he strived at daily. Franklin made a list of twelve virtues and their descriptions on how to attain them. The virtues were temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation,

Corporate Culture Free Essays

Corporate culture has been said to be the toughest component of a business to change. Do you agree or disagree with this statement and why? I do believe In this statement and believe that It Is actually true. The company’s culture Is something that consists of the values, norms, and the goals of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now When all of these things are put together, they form the culture of that company. Any company that is being unethical can obtain all of these goals. However, they must surely stand to fall in the future. Unethical behavior will always come to the light in given time. If a company selects to run In an organized, ethical way – then the company will surely not need to change their culture but to build on It and Increase positivist in It. A company that hasn’t been running so smoothly and In the ethical way will have a hard time in changing its ways. When we think of culture – we think of a large term with a large meaning. For example, if the United States wanted to change something culturally, then we would have a very hard time in doing so. First because our ultra is NOT to do what someone else says to do but what we, in general, say to do. It can be the same with a business. Even though It may be easy for the company to see the rewards of changing the culture of the business, actually Implementing and following that change will be difficult. Define the five types of power according to French and Raven’s theory. Provide examples of each. According to this theory, there are 5 types of power: Coercive, Reward, Legitimate, Referent, and Expert. Coercive power is something, or an action, that someone in power will take in order to make hangs go their way. Threats and punishment are common tools of coercion. Implying or threatening that someone will be fired, demoted, denied privileges, or given undesirable assignments (French and Ravens Five Forms of Power, Reward power is something that someone will do in order to â€Å"praise† an employee; obviously only a person who has access and the ability to reward people. † Raises, promotions, desirable assignments, training opportunities, and even simple complim ents (French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power, n. D)†. Legitimate power is a â€Å"type of power that can be unpredictable and unstable. If you lose the title or position, legitimate power can Instantly disappear – since others were Influenced by the position, not by you. Also, your scope of power Is limited to situations that others believe you have a right to control. If the fire chief tells people to stay away from a burning building, they’ll probably listen. But if he tries to make people stay away from a street fight, people may well ignore him (French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power, n. . )†. Referent power â€Å"Is sometimes thought of as charisma, charm, admiration, or appeal. Referent power comes from one person Liking and respecting another, and strongly Identifying with that person In some way. Celebrities have referent power, which is why they can influence everything from what people buy to whom they elect to office. In a workplace, a person with charm often makes everyone feel good, so he or she tends to have a lot of influence (French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power, n. D. )†. Lastly, expert power is† when you have knowledge and skills that enable you to understand a situation, suggest solutions, use solid Judgment, and generally outperform others, people will probably listen to you. When you subject matter expert, your ideas will have more value, and others will look to you for leadership in that area (French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power, n. D. )†. Reference French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power: Understanding Where Power Comes From in the Workplace. (n. D. ). Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www. Middleton. Com/ pages/article/Newell_56. HTML How to cite Corporate Culture, Papers

Critical Issues Related to Business Context

Question: Discuss about the Critical Issues Related to Business and Management Context. Answer: Introduction: Company Profile Wesfarmers Limited is multinational company of Australia. It was established in 1914 as corporative firm, which gave goods and services to Western Australian farmers. It headquarter is in Perth and Western Australia. Mostly, Wesfarmers limited deals in chemicals, retail, coal mining and industrial, fertilizers, and safety products. It is a very big Australian company in which around 220000 employees work in various areas (Wesfarmers, 2017). Aims and Objectives: Every company has its aims and objectives, which it wants to achieve effectively and efficiently. The Wesfarmers limited also has such aims and objectives. The main aim of the company is satisfying its customers needs and wants by the help of goods and services. The company also wants to provide better and safe working conditions to their employees. The company also aims to contribute significantly in the growth and success of the retail sector worldwide so that it can manage its business in a well-organized manner and achieve its goals and objectives. Scopes Wesfarmers limited has various scopes to grow and sustain their business in the market. In the segment of chemicals, energy and fertilizers, the company focuses on marketing issues such as safety, operating responsibly, and capacity and diversity to improve their sustainability (Wesfarmers, 2017). By this, the customers are loyal towards the company and the customers base is also increased due to improvement. The company is ethically very sound so there is less interference of the country due to which it has various scopes to enhance its business in various markets. Discussion: Critical issues related to the business and management The businesses are not easy task to run. Businesses are surrounded by several risks and uncertainty factors. There are various critical issues, which influence the working and management of the Wesfarmers limited. The company is also facing problem related to sale in food and liquor division of Coles. Wesfarmers limited is not performing well as compared to Germany Company Aldi and other new companies in the Australian market. By this, its sales of Coles decreased by 0.3 percent. By the result of this, the market shares of Wesfarmers are also slipped down. The company is sale its one or more assets to generate capital for the business (Treadgold, 2016). Now, the company overall sales are improving but there is some critical issues arises in online sale. The sale of the Coles brand of Wesfarmers limited is increased by 5.2 percent. The response of online sale is very good but there some problem arises in technology. The company faces the problem relating to technology. There are several peoples wanted to purchase goods and products from the Wesfarmers limited but they are not surfed on websites due to technical issues (The Conversation, 2013). The Wesfarmers has also faced the price deflation issue related to Coles supermarket business. By this, the net profit of Wesfarmers was decreased 83.3 percent in the year of 2015, which is influence the overall profit of the company. The company is also facing the issue of climate change resilience. The employees, customers, community and the economy are facing problem related to shortage of the water and scarce food supplies. The Wesfarmers limited is monitoring the greenhouse gas and do want to reduce them at any cost. The company also addresses those business activities, which hampered the climate of the country. The company is also doing business in chemical, energy and fertilizers segments. In these segments, there is safety and maintenance issues arise. Wesfarmers limited is emphasizing on this issue and now maintained workplace safer for visitors and employees by focusing on strategies targeting risk reduction, improving physical and mental health, and safety leadership (Wesf armers, 2017). Impact of Internal and external factors The working of the company is influenced by the internal and external factors of the company. The internal factors like employees behaviors, business culture, communication and company leadership. Wesfarmers limited is also influenced by these internal factors. If behavior of employees is good then they do work very efficiently and effectively. However, when they are not happy with leadership style or communication of the company then they are de-motivated and are not able to work effectively. The organisation is also influenced by business culture such as good employer or employees relationship, family friendly policies and teamwork. If the business culture is friendly according to its employees then it provides friendly environment to the employees (Mercer, 2011). External factors also influence working and performance of the organization. There are several factors, which affect businesses such as political factor, economic factor, social-culture factor, technological factor, legal factor, and environment factor. Nowadays, the influences of political factors are increased in the businesses. The government of Australia launched competition policy, which is beneficial for the Wesfarmers limited because this policy helps to eliminate the competition and enhance the performance of the domestic companies (Brychan, 2010). Economic factors have also hampered the performance of the company. The market condition of Australia is declined due to instability in the currency exchange and currency devaluation, which also affected the business activities of the Wesfarmers limited. Wesfarmers limited is also affected by social-cultural factors. As it can be observed that todays customers have become more aware regarding CSR practices and social values, Wesfar mers limited should take care of the needs and expectation of the society in which it wants to operate and survive successfully (Buckley and Ghauri, 2015). The technological factor also influence the decision of Wesfarmers limited. The organization also considers technological factors to sustain in the market (Laudan, 2013). Wesfarmers limited uses green refrigeration technology to store the perishable goods for long time. The environmental affects the business of the Wesfarmers. The chemical, fertilizers and chemical segment of the organisation have caused some adverse effects on environment. Therefore, the organisation should consider these internal and external factors while taking any decision regarding organisation because these internal and external factors have a great impact on productivity and profitability of the Wesfarmers (Nieuwenhuizen et al., 2010) Domestic and international factors affecting business structures and strategy Business is very tough to run. There are various internal, external, domestic and international factors, which affect the working, profitability and productivity of an organisation. Wesfarmers limited is also influenced by domestic and international factors. There are several internal factors such as size, life cycle, strategy, business environment and market analysis, which affect the organisation. There are also external factors, which influence the organisation such as advance in technology, focus on sustainability and environment, culture and religious ideologies, and emerging markets (Craig and Campbell, 2012). The size of organisation affects organisation culture. Wesfarmers limited is big in size. It has large number of employees work in the organisation. Therefore, it requires large number of skilled manager to manage their employees to run organisation in efficient and effective manner. Life cycle of organisation is also affect strategy and structure of organisation. Since Wesfarmers lies between the stage of growth and maturity, therefore, Wesfarmers is making strategy and modifying its structure according to stage of life cycle. For enhancing the business, Wesfarmers invests their funds in develop new products and modify them (Donoho, 2013). Every successful organisation makes their strategy and structure by analyzing market. Wesfarmers has also developed their strategy and structure according to market analysis. There are also external factors, which influence strategies and decision of the Wesfarmers. Environment of different countries has also changed strategies of the organisation. Different countries have different environment and cultural so Wesfarmers have to change or modify its strategies and business model according to them. Wesfarmers also considers religious and spirituals factors while making the strategies and structures of the organisation in different countries (Craig and Campbell, 2012). Conclusion According to the above discussion, it concludes that Wesfarmers limited is influenced by various critical issues such sale of the organisation, financial issues, technology issues, price deflation and climate issues. By these issues, the sale of Wesfarmers has declined by 0.3 percent and the price of its shares also has decreased. It also concludes that internal factor such as business culture, employees behaviors, company leadership and communication are influencing working of the organisation. It is also concluded that external factors like political factor, economic factor, social-culture factor, technological factor, legal factor, and environment factor hampered decision of the Wesfarmers limited. It also concludes that domestic and international factor are affecting strategies and structure of the Wesfarmers limited at different countries. Recommendation On the basis of above evaluation of internal and external factors affecting business of Wesfarmers, it can be recommended that the organisation should adopt the new technologies according to changing environment. This is because if organisation is not changed, then its competitors can take the advantage and capture its market share. It also recommends that the organisation should analysis and monitors the internal and external factors to prevent from uncertainty and risk of the market. Wesfarmers should conduct research related to need and want of the customers by which it can balance its business according to internal and external factors of the organisation. When an organisation deals in domestic and international market then it should consider the fashion, trends, cultures, religious, competition and environmental factors of the different countries. Reference Brychan, T. (2010) E-Commerce Adoption and Small Business in the Global Marketplace: Tools for Optimization: Tools for Optimization. Hershey: IGI Global. Buckley, P. and Ghauri, P. (2015) International Business Strategy: Theory and Practice. Abingdon: Routledge. Craig, T. and Campbell, D. (2012) Organisations and the Business Environment. Abingdon: Routledge. Donoho, D. (2013) International Business Transactions: Problems, Readings Materials Relating to Trade in Goods and Services. United States: Carolina Academic Press. Grayson, L. (2012) The Social and Economic Impact of New Technology. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Laudan, L. (2013) The Nature of Technological Knowledge, Are Models of Scientific Change Relevant?. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Mercer, S. (2011) Towards an Understanding of Language Learner Self-Concept. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Nieuwenhuizen, C., Badenhorst-Weiss, H., Rossouw, D., Brevis, T., and Cant, M. (2010) Business Management: A Contemporary Approach. South Africa: Juta and Company. The Conversation (2013) Wesfarmers boosts sales, but online still a challenge for retailers. [Online]. Available at: https://theconversation.com/wesfarmers-boosts-sales-but-online-still-a-challenge-for-retailers-11857 (Accessed: 03 April 2017). Treadgold, T. (2016) Wesfarmers Facing Retail Challenge, Business News Western Australia, [Online]. Available at: https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/Wesfarmers-facing-retail-challenge (Accessed: 03 April 2017). Wesfarmers (2017) Chemicals, Energy Fertilizers. [Online] Available at: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-businesses/industrials/chemicals-energy-fertilisers/ (Accessed: 03 April 2017). Wesfarmers (2017) Who We Are. [Online] Available at: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/who-we-are/who-we-are (Accessed: 03 April 2017).

The Difference Essay Research Paper The DifferenceBush free essay sample

The Difference Essay, Research Paper The Difference Bush or Gore? Will it be the frailty president or the governor of Texas to make full the presidential term? Even after election twenty-four hours, this is still a really questionable subject. Because of the peoples # 8217 ; split positions, it seems the state has divided itself: half for Gore, half for Bush. Their positions differ on issues such as revenue enhancements, societal security, and gun control. First, George W. Bush believes that federal income revenue enhancements are excessively high and that a revenue enhancement cut for all Americans is the best manner to accomplish financial duty in authorities. Besides, he believes that money paid to the authorities is that of the people, and should be returned to them alternatively of blowing it on societal disbursement plans. Contrary to this, Al Gore has a different position on revenue enhancements. Gore supports raising revenue enhancements for authorities disbursement on plans designed to pacify particular involvement. We will write a custom essay sample on The Difference Essay Research Paper The DifferenceBush or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He besides believes that authorities demands to come foremost, non hard-working households. Second, the other seeable difference is evident in their positions on societal security. Bush favors a signifier of the system that allows seting financess into private investings to protect it for retirement. The governor believes in the single # 8217 ; s ability to do his ain retirement determinations. However, Gore is unmindful to the defects of the P resent system. He vows to maintain societal security the same and supports higher income revenue enhancement for system support. In add-on, Gore believes that people should non be given the ability to program for retirement without authorities intercession. Third, another difference between the current frailty president and the governor of Texas trades with gun control. Bush believes in implementing Torahs designed to maintain pieces out of the custodies of felons ; and wants ferocious prosecution of those who commit a offense with a piece. Bush believes that fiddling with the constitutional right for carriers of pieces will merely set the condemnable component at an advantage, because felons don # 8217 ; t normally obey gun Torahs. Contrary to this, Gore believes that guns in the custodies of jurisprudence esteeming people pose a menace to society. The Justice Department has systematically ignored enforcement of gun Torahs and has refused to prosecute many instances where a gun offense has fallen within federal legal power. Bush or Gore? The inquiry remains. During the presidential argument a twosome of months before the general election, their differences became public in a few critical positions: revenue enhancements, societal security, and gun control. A line seems to split our state ; a line that says, # 8220 ; Gore electors to the right, Bush electors to the left. # 8221 ; Currently, it is non evident which side is heavier.